Translation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West.Contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools Divan Court are external factors affecting research. But the important point is that despite all these effects a society is required that is dynamic culture. Americas since time is not on the cash flows, Arab heritage did not forget the new methods of cash from their roots and the old nobility was not isolated.

This paper surveys some aspects of overinvestment and underinvestment hypothesis. On the base of this hypothesis, Free Cash Flows (FCF) at the result of information asymmetry between managers and shareholders, lead to overinvestment. Also, Financial Constraint (FC) cause to underinvestment. This paper investigates relation between FCF and overinvestment & relation between FC and underinvestment in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), s corporations. Results suggest that, there is a positive and significant relation between FCF and overinvestment. Nevertheless, this paper shows, the relation between FC and underinvestment, statistically is not significant.

Considering the crucial role of future cash flows in stock valuation models, debt repayment power, etc., the prediction of future cash flows and their fluctuations, as a regular event, has long been considered by researchers, investors, managers, financial analysts, and creditors. Nowadays it is revealed that potentially investors can find some insights from accruals information about next period’ s economic factor and the transitory part of one component of next period’ s cash fl ow. Determining which accrual provides this information depends on whether that accrual aligns future or past cash fl ows and current period economics and whether it relates to the current or prior period. Thus each type of accrual has a different coeffi cient in forecasting cash fl ows. The goal of this research is to understand that partitioning accruals based on their role in cash fl ow alignment increases their ability to forecast cash fl ows using the Barth and et al-2016 model by providing empirical evidence. Companies from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was selected as the statistical population of the study. Multivariate hybrid regression models were used to test the research hypothesis using the E-views software. Our base insight that partitioning accruals based on their role in cash-fl ow alignment increases their ability to forecast future cash fl ows was confirmed by the empirical evidence in some industries.

In this study, the effect of audit quality on the forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows of firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Audit quality has been measured with auditor size, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure. Similar to some previous researches done in this outline, forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows have been estimated with using model Barth et al (2001). The results of review firms 97 in the years 2007 to 2014 show that size of audit firm and auditor industry specialization have significant positive relationship at the forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows, and increase forecasting accuracy. while there is a significant negative relationship between forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows and auditor tenure. These findings suggest that audit quality can influence the quality of accounting information and therefore effected over forecasting accuracy of future operating cash flows.

The subject concerning relationship between conservatism and information content of accruals relative to operating cash flows has been focused by many researchers. Felltham & Ohlson (1995) showed that the information content of accruals will increase conservatism, whereas the information content of cash flows remains unaffected. We predict that the score of conservatism of the firm has effect on their information content of accruals and cash flows, and firms with a high degree of conservatism have greater information content of accruals. This study is trying to collect evidence on this issue. To test the hypotheses in this study, two statistics methods for cross-section and panel data analysis have been used with financial information of 92 firms in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1999-2007. The results show that accruals and differential information content of cash flows relative to accruals for the firms exhibiting a high degree of conservatism is greater than that of the firms showing a low degree of conservatism. Also, there is a positive correlation between the differential information content of cash flows relative to accruals and conservatism score of firms.

Prediction is an important part of the decision-making process, because decision making reflects what will happen in the future. In economic decision making, financial prediction is a important activity. Cash flow prediction is required in various economic decisions, because the cash flows are the basis for dividends, interest payments and repayment of debt. With respect to theoretical literature and conducted researches, three regression models are constructed namely earnings, cash flows, accrual components and cash flows models for predicting future cash flows. The empirical results show that past earnings, cash flows, cash flow and accrual components of earnings can be used to predict future cash flows of Tehran listed companies. But there are not different predictive powers between three prediction models. Furthermore, additional year lags of accounting data can improve the predictive power of the model.

Objective Cash management policies have always been one of the most important financial policies in the process of managing companies. Considering the importance of cash management in companies and accounting standards, the presentation of the cash flow statement is considered one of the basic financial statements. Cash flows from operating activities indicate that the main and continuous operations and activities that generate the operating income of the commercial unit have led to sufficient cash flows to repay loans, maintain the operating capacity of the commercial unit, pay dividends, and make new investments. Various research has been conducted regarding the relationship between the sensitivity of cash holdings to cash flows. The results of some studies are also focused on the asymmetry of cash flows. However, investigating the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on the sensitivity of cash holdings under the condition of cash flow asymmetry is an issue that has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the sensitivity of cash holdings to asymmetric operational cash flows, considering the financial constraints and external supervision of institutional owners in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Methods The statistical population consists of all the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the Iranian calendar years 1393 to 1400 (2014 to 2022). The sample consists of 104 companies. To check the stationarity of the research variables, Levin, Lin, and Chu's unit root test was used, and to test the research hypotheses, the combined data regression method was utilized. Moreover, for the evaluation of the goodness of the proposed regression models, some necessary pretests were implemented. Results The findings show that companies with higher operating cash flows hold more cash. Financial constraints and institutional ownership do not have a significant effect on the sensitivity of cash holdings to asymmetric operating cash flows. Results from control variables also indicate that the Tobin ratio and the size of the company have a positive and significant effect on cash holdings. However, no evidence was found of a positive influence of the debt ratio on the amount of cash holdings. Conclusion Findings indicate that the sensitivity of cash holdings to asymmetric operating cash flows is higher in companies with greater operating cash flows. This result may be due to the pursuit of future profitable opportunities or to reduce liquidity risk in the inflationary, unstable, and dynamic business environment of Iran. Other results show that financial restrictions and institutional ownership, contrary to expectations and existing literature, do not have a significant effect on the sensitivity of cash holdings to asymmetric operating cash flows. This lack of effect may be attributed to the presence of state ownership. The results underscore the need for further research in the future.

Purpose: The present research aimed at finding an answer to the question of the process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in the future, and the influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, the poet, the media that published the poem, the process of composing the poem, the rights of the author, and Globalization of the Iranian poetry. Method: The Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in the fields of Communication and Literature was selected. The expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and by the execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering the content, the experts predicted that due to the impact of cyberspace, the quality of the poetry will be reduced and consequently, the language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect the daily events of life. Regarding the audience, they concluded that the audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between the public and professional audience. With respect to the sender, there will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding the channel, the experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, the poets’ agency in publishing their own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that the spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is the only case in which the group believes in the impact of technology on the future of poetry. The group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding the impact of technology on the phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and the Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed these items in the framework of the human agency.

The present paper studies the relations among operation cash flows, bankruptcy risk and future operation cash flows. Accordingly, we have considered the relations between "future operation cash flows” with "current operation cash flows" and "bankruptcy risk". We have also studied the relations that future operation cash flows can bear with new variable which are formed from the combination of "bankruptcy risk" with "current operation cash flows". For studying the relation the variables with "future operation cash flows", we have applied Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (multi- variable).In data- analysis stage, we have used the data from 93 firms certified by Tehran's Stock Exchange from 1382 to 1387.Results from our study prove that there exists a noticeable direct and meaningful relationship between future operation cash flows with current operation cash flows. The same results also, indicate a relation between bankruptcy risk and current operation cash flows with future operation cash flows, so that in most operation years, bankruptcy risk and current operation cash flows have been effective in predicting future operation cash flows.

Purpose: the purpose of this paper is to overview the accrual’s capacity in predictability of cash flows and the impact of bankruptcy risk on the capacity. Because the economic decisions require the assessment of company power in creating cash flows. Furthermore, some researches guest the probability of being influenced the relationship by bankruptcy risk.Methodology: this article by using of company’s financial information listed in Tehran Stock Exchange; first nationalize the chariot’s bankruptcy risk model. Then with segregation of accruals to discretionary and non discretionary, investigates the relationship between Accruals and future cash flows.Findings: Results show a significant positive association between abnormal accruals and future cash flows but as probability of one-year-ahead bankruptcy risk is increasing, this association is decreasing.Originality/value: although, the prior researches have studied the Accrual’s capacity in predictability of cash flows, but this paper in addition to segregation of accruals to discretionary and non discretionary, with empirically analyzes the influence of bankruptcy risk on the given relationship. So, the evidences of this paper open a new window for the investors.